Velocity and
angular velocity
With reference to ecological
psychology and information (Davids, Button & Bennett 2008), interceptive
actions such as the rugby league place kick, require coordination between
relevant parts of the movement system components and the object being intercepted.
When an individual performs a movement that involves their environment, there
is precise information required in order to locate objects, obstacles or
surfaces in space (where information)
at a particular instant in time (when
information) in order to maximise velocity (Davids, Button & Bennett 2008).
According to Davids, Button and Bennett (2008), for a skill such as the place
kick to be successful the following constraints need to be satisfied:
1.
ensure they contact at an object or surface at
an appropriate moment in time
2.
ensure contact at the intended velocity and
force
3.
ensure contact at an intended spatial
orientation
THE ANSWER
In the case of the place kick, the movement system component that acts on the rugby ball is the inner foot of the preferred kicking leg of the individual taking the conversion place kick. The where information of the place kick would include the ball as the object, the cross bar as the obstacle and the grass and weather conditions as the surface in space. Additionally, the when information would be the entire process leading up to the foot contacting the ball. Velocity is the speed of something in a given direction (Cronin, McNair & Marshall 2002), which is why it is crucial for place kickers to ensure their approach angle and release angle are on point, to ensure that velocity is exerted in the appropriate direction toward goal (Blazevichs 2007).
In the case of the place kick, the movement system component that acts on the rugby ball is the inner foot of the preferred kicking leg of the individual taking the conversion place kick. The where information of the place kick would include the ball as the object, the cross bar as the obstacle and the grass and weather conditions as the surface in space. Additionally, the when information would be the entire process leading up to the foot contacting the ball. Velocity is the speed of something in a given direction (Cronin, McNair & Marshall 2002), which is why it is crucial for place kickers to ensure their approach angle and release angle are on point, to ensure that velocity is exerted in the appropriate direction toward goal (Blazevichs 2007).
Force
The force encompassed in the rugby
league place kick can be explained using Newton’s First and Second Laws of
Motion:
Newtons First Law of Motion
|
A still object
continues to be still, and a moving object continues to move at its current
velocity, unless an external force acts on the object.
|
Newtons Second Law of Motion
|
The relationship between an object's mass m,
its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F =
ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols
being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force
vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.
|
According to Newton, an object with
a certain velocity will maintain that velocity unless acted on by a force
causing it to accelerate at a different rate (resulting in a change in the
velocity).
THE ANSWER
Although rugby league is played in an open and dynamic environment, the skill of the conversion place kick is considered a closed skill as it requires internally-directed attentional focus and is performed in a stable environment (Blazevich 2007; Davids, Button & Bennett 2008). For this reason, it is vital that the individual follows a kinematic sequence of limbs to enhance foot speed as they are solely responsible for generating the force to imparted on the ball (Gainor, Pitrowski, and Puhl 1978). Using Newtons First Law, it can be assumed that the greater the force generated by the kicker, the greater the force imparted on the ball which leads to greater acceleration of the ball, resulting in the ball travelling a greater distance (Blazevich 2007). Similarly, using Newtons Second Law of Motion we can view the ball as the object with a particular velocity, before it has a particular force acted on it from the kicker resulting in a change in velocity. Before the kicker makes contact with the ball, it is important that they generate as much force as possible to impart on the ball, in order to increase acceleration which will increase the distance the ball travels (Blazevich 2007). Additionally using the side of the foot allows for greater contact of the kicker’s foot on the surface area of the ball, resulting in greater generation of force and distance traveled (Blazevich 2007).
Although rugby league is played in an open and dynamic environment, the skill of the conversion place kick is considered a closed skill as it requires internally-directed attentional focus and is performed in a stable environment (Blazevich 2007; Davids, Button & Bennett 2008). For this reason, it is vital that the individual follows a kinematic sequence of limbs to enhance foot speed as they are solely responsible for generating the force to imparted on the ball (Gainor, Pitrowski, and Puhl 1978). Using Newtons First Law, it can be assumed that the greater the force generated by the kicker, the greater the force imparted on the ball which leads to greater acceleration of the ball, resulting in the ball travelling a greater distance (Blazevich 2007). Similarly, using Newtons Second Law of Motion we can view the ball as the object with a particular velocity, before it has a particular force acted on it from the kicker resulting in a change in velocity. Before the kicker makes contact with the ball, it is important that they generate as much force as possible to impart on the ball, in order to increase acceleration which will increase the distance the ball travels (Blazevich 2007). Additionally using the side of the foot allows for greater contact of the kicker’s foot on the surface area of the ball, resulting in greater generation of force and distance traveled (Blazevich 2007).
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